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Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all those who contributed to the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys: all study investigators and collaborators, and the project staff at their respective institutions

Industry professionals should consider the following when advising customers or making personal choices: Nicotine Tolerance: Users with higher nicotine tolerance may prefer larger sizes with higher strengths, while those with lower tolerance should start with mini or slim options

It should also validate that the values match expected patterns (e.g., alphanumeric series/class codes) and are not free-text descriptions that cannot be interpreted

OUD treatment billing involves overlapping Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial payer rules, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) requirements add a regulatory layer for MOUD-prescribing practices