Dysbiosis, defined as an imbalance of the gut microbiota, has been implicated in a range of metabolic, immunological, and neurological conditions (Verma et al., 2025
But if you've started researching them, you've probably noticed two names appearing over and
I will cover: What vitamin B12 actually does in the body Why do different bariatric procedures cause B12 deficiency in different ways How common the deficiency is, and why it is often missed The connection between B12, homocysteine, and clotting risk How I test for deficiency and what the results mean My two-tier supplement framework and where vitamin B12 fits The different supplementation options and when I use each When I delay surgery for B12 deficiency How vitamin B12 is managed through the perioperative period This article is part of my broader approach to vitamins and supplements before and after abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), which covers the full protocol across every nutrient I treat
Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist for Type 2 Diabetes
