Introduction -thalassemia is the most common inherited disease, characterized by decreased or absent -globin chain synthesis and hemoglobin A production ( The incidence of myocardial iron overload in transfusion-dependent -thalassemia patients has increased from 11.4%15.1% in early studies to 26.1%36.7% in recent studies ( As iron loading progresses, the capacity of transferrin to bind and detoxify iron is eventually exceeded, leading to non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma, which promotes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis ( Mechanisms of myocardial injury caused by iron overload Studies have shown that iron myocardial overload causes myocardial dysfunction
Pharmacogenetics: implications of race and ethnicity on defining genetic profiles for personalized medicine
Aspergillus is another common mold, often found in damp buildings and in contaminated food, and it produces aflatoxins, among the most carcinogenic substances known
As shown in Figure 6A , GSH levels decreased to 2540% of control cells after AQ-QI or DEAQ-QI treatment, while the intracellular GSSG concentrations did not increase correspondingly, but decreased to approximately 4580% ( Figure 6B )