Indeed, binding AGEs and AOPPs to the RAGE activates genes and transcription factors that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-1), chemokines (CCL19, CCL-21, CXCL-8), metalloproteinases (collagenase-1 [MMP-1], gelatinase A [MMP-2]), adhesion molecules (very late antigen-1 [VLA1], CD49 antigen-like family member A/CD29 (1)-integrin [CD49a/CD29]), cyclooxygenases 2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) 76
For the first time in history, high school athletes are training more like pros than kids multi-sport schedules, club travel, off-season showcases, strength training, nutrition expectations, recruiting pressure, long commutes, poor sleep, and the increasing belief that more is better. Their biology is being asked to mature faster than their endocrine system, and their recovery capacity isnt built for the volume they endure
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2023;56:e12830
