Long term prescription of medications such as the following are likely to increase the cause of, or exacerbate the risk of B12 deficiency - the proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole), famotidine, ranitidine, metformin, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, sodium valproate, gabapentin, doxycycline, some oral contraceptives
E., Franco, A
The distinction matters enormously because the biological mechanisms involved operate very differently across species
The NEJM phase 2 obesity trial, published in 2023, reported a mean body weight reduction of 17.5% at 24 weeks and 24.2% at 48 weeks in participants receiving the 12mg dose outcomes that exceeded those observed with tirzepatide at comparable study durations