Community protocols and the 2013 Hsieh trial reference roughly 250-500 IU, two to three times weekly, run continuously alongside testosterone to keep the testes active
At the molecular level, 5-amino-1MQ functions as a competitive inhibitor of NNMT, demonstrating remarkable potency with an IC of 1.2 0.1 M under standard assay conditions (50 M SAM, 100 M nicotinic acid). This represents a dramatic 10-fold improvement over the parent compound 1-methylquinolinium, achieved through strategic amino group substitution that enhances binding affinity to the NNMT active site. The compound's mechanism centers on preventing the methylation of nicotinamide to 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), thereby preserving nicotinamide for recycling back to NAD+ through the salvage pathway. This intervention effectively blocks what researchers have termed the "NNMT metabolic drain" a process that simultaneously depletes NAD+ precursors and consumes cellular methylation capacity
In a minority of patients, MS begins with a progressive course from onset where inflammation may be less prominent, though still plays a role in disability progression (Hughes et al., 2018)
Liver, fatty fish like salmon, beef, eggs, and cheese are solid B12 sources
