Weight of evidence: Overall evidence is Low-Moderate: multiple animal studies and a growing number of small clinical trials suggest benefits across gutbrain signaling, social and behavioral domains, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurophysiological patterns, yet most human studies rely on caregiver-reported outcomes, lack biomarker integration, and seldom control for diet, comorbidities, or baseline microbiome composition
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts ameliorate podocyte injury by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator 1 in low-dose streptozotocin-and high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats
Cysteine serves also for the synthesis of glutathione and provides sulfur to many other molecules including protein cofactors or vitamins
Traverso, N., Ricciarelli, R., Nitti, M., Marengo, B., Furfaro, A