Epilepsy and metabolism constitute a multidimensional, interdisciplinary research field involving neurobiology, metabolomics, genetics and other disciplines
As an example, several sulfonylurea drugs, such as tolbutamide, directly serve to impinge the Epac2A/Rap1 signaling ( Besides K ATP channels, other different types of ion channels, including K + channels such as two-pore domain K + (K 2P ) channels, calcium-activated K + (K Ca 2+ ) channels, voltage-gated K + (Kv) channels, and inwardly rectifying K + (Kir) channels, as well as voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCCs), Na + channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and Cl channels are present in -cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans ( 2+ entry for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in -cells
And in a twist that makes the insomnia narrative even more confusing, the FDA actually approved tirzepatide for treating obstructive sleep apnea, one of the most common sleep disorders on the planet, making it the first and only prescription medication approved for that specific indication
therefore, it can be advantageous to inject it closer to the injured area