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293 (1), F28-29 (2007)

Glycine also protects against experimental gastric lesions in rats caused by indomethacin, hypothermic-restraint stress, and necrotizing agents such as 0.6 M hydrochloric acid, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, and 80% ethanol [65]

In an experimental model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, topiramate markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage activity, reduced the expression of TNF-, IL-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and promoted a phenotypic shift of macrophages from M1 to M2, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory activity and enhancing tissue repair processes ( These studies collectively suggest that topiramate exerts significant neuroprotective effects across various pathological models through its potent anti-inflammatory properties

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